tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88244660816308593032024-03-13T04:49:58.250-07:00SWEET WORDS.....DEAR VISITORS!!! THANKS A LOT FOR VISITING MY BLOG.MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-61357212326633703152011-12-06T21:47:00.001-08:002011-12-06T21:57:26.128-08:00HEALTH BENEFIT AND FOOD APPLICATION OF PREBIOTICS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(Special Notes: For introduction and Background of this post, please follow the previous post... Thank you! )</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">HEALTH
BENEFITS OF PREBIOTICS</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">The following effects of prebiotics have been claimed: </span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">reduce intestinal pH </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">increase in mineral absorption</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">restore intestinal bacterial balance </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">effect blood cholesterol level </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">reduce risk on colorectal cancer </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">effects on the immune system </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">better intestinal flora in infants </span></li>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Prebiotics may restore intestinal balance after a disturbance due
to antibiotics, diarrhoea, stress or other drugs (non antibiotics). By either
selectively stimulating a certain group of bacteria the balance can be
restored. This may be possible for many different bacterial groups. This can be
either by direct stimulation (the selected bacteria grow on the prebiotic) or
by indirect stimulation (the bacteria create a favourable environment for other
bacteria). In this case both selective stimulation and changes in metabolism
play a role. </span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Promotion of Normal Colon
Transit Time</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Constipation is an exceedingly common
clinical problem affecting large segments of the population including the
elderly, pregnant and nursing women, people on weight loss diets, and people
wit disrupted daily schedules such as variable shift workers and business travelers.Prebiotics
increase fecal bulk and optimize stool consistency primarily by increasing
fecal microbial mass. This increase in fecal bulk stimulates passage through
the colon, shortening transit time. Colonic water resorption is reduced, stool
becomes softer and heavier, and stool frequency increases. Together these
factors alleviate constipation and improve colon evacuation.</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Effects of Prebiotics on
Mineral Absorption</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">There is extensive evidence in experimental
animals that prebiotics, such as inulin-type fructans, can increase the
absorption of a variety of minerals, including calcium, magnesium, iron, and
zinc and that they may act through several possible mechanisms. A variety of
mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effect of prebiotics on calcium
absorption , although themost widely favored explanation concerns their effect
on passive calcium absorption in the large intestine. This theory states that
non absorbed prebiotics enter the large intestine undigested where they are
fermented in to short chain (volatile) fatty acids such as acetate, butyrate,
and propionate. These fatty acids lower the pH of the large intestine contents,
increase solubility of calcium(and other minerals) in the luminal contents and
so increase passive concentration-dependent calcium absorption in the colon. Some
animal studies have shown beneficial effects of prebiotics on absorption of
other minerals, such as iron<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>zinc , and
copper , although human data are more limited , However, there are little good
data on possible mechanisms.</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Enhancement of the Immune
System</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">The immune system operates as an
organization of functionally specialized cells and molecules to protect the
body against foreign substances and invading organisms, acting systemically.
Food and nutrients modulate immune functions in multiple ways.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">The impact of nonessential
food constituents on the immune system such as prebiotics and similar complex
carbohydrates, however, has been on the study . For proper functioning of the
immune system, the intestinal flora also plays an important role. Composition
and metabolic activity of the intestinal flora are directly depending on
dietary constituents (including prebiotics). Prebiotics itself will have no
effect on the immune system. However, by changing the intestinal flora, the
immune system may be influenced. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Potential Mechanisms of Prebiotic-Induced
Immune Alterations</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">• Selective increase/decrease in
specific bacteria that modulate cytokine and antibody</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">production</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">• Increase in intestinal SCFA
production and enhanced binding of SCFA to G-coupled</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">protein receptors on leukocytes</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">• Partial absorption of prebiotics
resulting in local and systemic contact with the immune</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">system</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">• Interaction of prebiotics with
carbohydrate receptors on leukocytes</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">The gastrointestinal tract is one of
the most important components of the body’s defensive system. In addition to
providing non-specific protection in the form of a physical barrier against toxins
and pathogenic organisms, the intestinal tract also provides specific protection
in the form of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, or GALT. GALT represents the
largest immune organ in the body and consists of a highly complex network of
aggregated and non-aggregated immune</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">cells. Research indicates prebiotics
modulate both intestinal and systemic immunity largely through their
association with gut microflora. Prebiotic support of health-promoting
intestinal microorganisms leads to increased competition with pathogens for
colonization sites, up regulated GALT expression of secretory IgA and immune-stimulating
cytokines, and enhanced production of short chain fatty acids and other
antimicrobial substances that create an inhospitable environment for pathogen
growth. Prebiotics such as inulin, inulin-type fructans, galactooligosaccharides,
and lactulose have been shown to enhance colonization resistance against a
variety of enteropathogenic organisms, including <i>Clostridium difficile</i>, <i>Clostridium
perfringens, E. Coli </i>and other coliforms.</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Influences on Glucose
& Insulin Levels</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Evidence suggests prebiotics can
favorably influence serum glucose and insulin levels in a variety of ways.
Inasmuch as they may replace starches and/or sugars in foods,DGOs and other
prebiotics can reduce the amount of glucose available for absorption into the
bloodstream. Prebiotics may also prevent excessive blood glucose elevations
after a meal by delaying gastric emptying and/or shortening small intestine
transit time. Bacterial fermentation yielding short-chain fatty acids is another
mechanism whereby prebiotics can modulate glycemia and insulinemia.</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Helps in Lipid Metabolism:</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Triacylglycerols (TAGs) and
cholesterol are quantitatively the most important circulating lipids (transport
and storage of energy). Both have important physiological roles and
abnormalities in their metabolism are implicated in major pathologies such as
obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and
atherosclerosis. Concerning hypocholesterolemic effect of prebiotics, several mechanism
have been proposed, which are often related to a modulation of bile acid
intestinal metabolism, but other properties (e.g., steroid-binding properties)
are evoked, which are independent of the fermentation of the prebiotic in the
lower intestinal tract.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">I </span><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Optima-BoldItalic;">Prebiotics as a
Potential Treatment against Atherosclerosis</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Optima-BoldItalic;">iiPrebiotics as
Modulators of Lipid Metabolism Disorders</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Optima-BoldItalic;">iii Prebiotics as
Potential Treatment against Obesity</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Several oligosaccharides which respond
to the definition of prebiotics exhibit interesting effects on lipid
metabolism. Changes in intestinal bacterial flora composition or fermentation
activity could be implicated in modulation of fatty acid and cholesterol
metabolism. (specific gelling characteristics of inulin allows the development of
low-fat foods without compromising taste or texture This is particularly successful
in spreadable products such as table spreads, butter-like</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">products, cream cheeses and processed
cheeses) </span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Reduction of Risk of
Carcinogenesis</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Palatino-Roman;">Colon
cancer is one of the major neoplastic diseases with the number of new cases per
year rising rapidly since 1975. Colon cancer is the fourth commonest form of
cancer. Various studies shows prebiotics have significant role in preventing
colon carcinogenesis. This may be due to various effects of prebiotic such as :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Palatino-Roman;">Apoptosis and Proliferation </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Palatino-Roman;">Modulation of Immune Response</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Palatino-Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Palatino-Roman;">Reduction of Enzyme Activity</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Palatino-Roman;">In
vitro and animal studies have revealed the potential of prebiotics to enhance
detoxification processes in colon cells, reduce toxic metabolite production in
the gut, and protect against colonic tumor development.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">.<u>Prebiotics and Infant
Nutrition</u></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">The bacterial composition in the
infant digestive tract (also called the intestinal microflora) follows a
pattern of change starting in the newborn, and may vary depending on the infant
diet. Development of the infant’s intestinal microflora is initiated at birth.
The aseptic, or sterile, digestive tract of the fetus is inoculated with
bacteria during birth by the environment and mother's intestinal and vaginal
microflora. Breastfeeding is the gold standard for infant nutrition. Human milk
oligosaccharides (HMOs) comprise part of the functional ingredients of human
milk. As for most of the components of mother’s milk, the quantity of HMOs
differs between mothers, and also during lactation and breastfeeding.In
general, breastfed infants have been shown to have higher levels of
bifidobacteria than formula-fed infants (Orrhage and Nord 1999). The increased
presence of these beneficial bacteria is at least partly due to substances
found in human breast milk, especially the HMOs (Coppa et al 2004).</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">The intestinal microflora
of the formula-fed infant may differ from that of the breastfed infant (Harmsen
et al 2000). While human milk-fed infants have an abundance of bifidobacteria
in the gut, formula-fed infants may have a more diverse gut flora, similar to
that seen in adults.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Formula-fed
infants also have a higher risk of intestinal infections.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Efforts to replicate the immunoprotective and bifidogenic
effects of human breast milk on the intestinal tract of bottle-fed infants have
led to research examining the effects of incorporating prebiotics into infant
formulas. Formulas containing a mixture of galactooligosaccharides and
fructooligosaccharides in a ratio of 9:1, have been shown to promote a
microflora in infants similar to that seen in breast-fed infants (</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Stephen Olmstead, MD, David Wolfson)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">. The
addition of prebiotics to infant formula can increase beneficial bacteria in
the digestive system to levels similar to those in the breastfed baby (Ben et
al 2004). In addition, prebiotics can help soften stools to be more like those
of the breastfed infant (Costalos et al 2008; Ben et al 2004; Moro et al 2002).</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UODhBa3dyRg/Tt7_D93LwiI/AAAAAAAAALs/fSduudjVvpA/s1600/prebiotics2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UODhBa3dyRg/Tt7_D93LwiI/AAAAAAAAALs/fSduudjVvpA/s400/prebiotics2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><u>Various health benefits of prebiotics</u></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">FOOD APPLICATION OF PREBIOTICS</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Prebiotics show both important
technological characteristics and interesting nutritional properties. Several
are found in vegetables and fruits and can be industrially processed from
renewable materials. In food formulations, they can significantly improve
organoleptic characteristics, upgrading both taste and mouthfeel. Many are
already successfully used in a broad range of food applications . Prebiotics
can be used for either their nutritional advantages or technological properties,
but they are often applied to offer a double benefit: an improved organoleptic
quality and a better-balanced nutritional composition . Food applications are
illustrated below; </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Application Functionality:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Dairy
products (yoghurts, cheeses, desserts, drinks) </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;"> Fat or sugar replacement,
body and mouthfeel,foam stabilization, fiber, and prebiotic</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Frozen
desserts </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Fat
or sugar replacement, texture and mouthfeel, melting behavior.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Fruit
preparations </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">
Sugar replacement, synergy with intense sweeteners, body and mouthfeel, fiber and
prebiotic</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Breakfast
cereals and extruded snacks </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Sugar
replacement, crispiness and expansion, fiber, and prebiotic</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Baked
goods and breads </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">
Sugar replacement, moisture retention, fiber, and prebiotic</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Fillings
</span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">
Fat or sugar replacement, texture, and mouthfeel</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Tablets
and confectionery </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">
Sugar replacement, fiber, and prebiotic</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Chocolate
</span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">
Sugar replacement, heat resistance and fiber</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Dietetic
products and meal replacers</span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fat or sugar replacement, synergy with
intense sweeteners, body and mouthfeel, fiber, and prebiotic</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Table
spreads and butter products </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">
Fat replacement, texture and spreadability, stability, fiber, and prebiotic</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Salad
dressings</span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fat replacement, mouthfeel, and body</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">Meat
products </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Bold;">
Fat replacement, texture and stability, and fiber</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">VII. CONCLUSION</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">The intestinal microbiota provides the human host with an array of
health benefits. Microfloral organisms act as a functional barrier against
colonization by pathogens, promote normal gastrointestinal function, contribute
to energy production, and exert enteric and systemic immunomodulatory activity.
Support for the health of intestinal flora can take the form of supplementation
with living probiotic organisms or prebiotic substances that nourish beneficial
endogenous species. Prebiotics are digestion-resistant carbohydrates that
selectively stimulate the growth and activity of health-promoting
microorganisms such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Major prebiotics
include inulin,inulin-type fructans, galactooligosaccharides, and lactulose. Prebiotics
taken alone or with probiotics, as in a symbiotic supplement, contribute to the
integrity of the gut barrier, help normalize colonic motility, improve nutrient
bioavailability, enhance gastrointestinal and systemic immunity, and may
favorably modulate blood sugar and lipid levels. Numerous studies in both animals
and humans have demonstrated the health benefits of prebiotics. Prebiotic use
in nutritional supplements and functional foods is rapidly gaining wide
acceptance.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">REFERENCES</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S. S. Biradar, B. M.
Patil & V. P. Rasal : Prebiotics For Improved Gut Health . <i>The Internet
Journal of Nutrition and Wellness. </i>2005 Volume 2 Number 1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stephen Olmstead, MD,
David Wolfson, ND, Dennis Meiss, PhD, Janet Ralston, BS, Understanding
prebiotics</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">R.Gibson and
B.Roberfroid, Handbook of Prebiotics</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">R.Gibson and
B.Roberfroid, Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonie Microbiota: Introducing
the Concept of Prebiotics</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sharon Donovan, Glen
Gibson ,David Newburg, Prebiotics in Infant Nutrition</span></div>
<br /></div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com20tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-89901106109875701292011-12-06T20:56:00.001-08:002011-12-06T21:46:07.439-08:00INTRODUCTION OF PREBIOTICS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .5pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BACKGROUND</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A complex community of microorganisms inhabits the mammalian gastrointestinal
tract from mouth to anus, but the colon is, by far, the main site of this
microbial colonization. As a consequence, progress in biology, physiology, and
nutrition has considerably broadened our view of the function and the
pathophysiological roles of the intestine, especially the large bowel. This
organ is no longer viewed solely as a storage vessel that produces feces and
eventually absorbs water and a few other simple molecules of both nutritive and
endogenous origin. Indeed, recent researchs has convincingly shown that the
large bowel and its microbiota form a strong symbiotic association and interact
with each other to play major roles not only in colonic function but also in
whole body physiology including endocrine activities, immunity, and even brain
function.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus live
in great concentrations at the lower region of the small intestine and
predominantly in the large intestine. These beneficial bacteria take a role as
guards against harmful microbes living in the large intestine, keeping them
from invading the small intestine. The small intestine functions to digest and
absorb the majority of nutrients. When the body's immunity declines the risk of
infection increases, it is essential to keep the immune capacity high for
preventing or decreasing infection. Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus have
recently been shown to increase gut and overall immunity. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are several aspects of an
individual's health and diet that can adversely affect the gut microflora. High
levels of fat in the diet can negatively affect the level of Bifidobacteria in
the gut, as these beneficial bacteria are sensitive to increased levels of
faecal bile acids, which are directly related to the amount of fat in the diet.
Fatty diets may increase the amounts of bile acids in the faeces, and
consequently increase their inhibitory effect to Bifidobacteria. The nature of
the diet may also indirectly influence the gut conditions, which affect the
activity of Bifidobacteria. Disorders of gastric function or intestinal
motility may disturb the normal microbial balance.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Numerous studies have shown that an
imbalance of friendly to unfriendly gut bacteria (too few friendly bacteria)
can cause or aggravate various health conditions. Moreover, supplements aimed
at increasing the number of friendly bacteria have been shown to help combat
many types of diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, eczema, ulcerative colitis;
reduce the incidence of canker sores and vaginal yeast infections; and exert
positive effects on the immune system. Friendly gut bacteria consist of <i>Lactobacillus
acidophilus, L. bulgaricus,L. reuteri, L. plantarum, L. casei, B. bifidus, S.
salivarius, S. thermophilus</i> and the yeast <i>Saccharomyces boulardi.</i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II. OBJECTIVES</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The main objective of this paper is
to showcase :</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Brief
introduction of prebiotics </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Health
benefits of prebiotics</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prebiotics
in food applications </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">III.
INTRODUCTION</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The term “prebiotic”
was coined in 1995 by Gibson and Roberfroid,although prebiotics were recognized
as early as the 1950s when György and coworkers described “bifidus factor”, a
bifidogenic substance that selectively promoted the growth of bifidobacteria
(called Lactobacillus bifidus at that time). Human milk and colostrums were
found to contain large amounts of “bifidus factor”. In the 1970s and ’80s,
Japanese investigators pioneered the use of digestion-resistant saccharides to
favorably modify the intestinal microbiota using fructooligosaccharides,
galactooligosaccharides, and lactulose The 1980s and ’90s saw a marked increase
in the use of probiotics to favorably modify the intestinal microbiota and a concomitant
growth in interest in using prebiotics to achieve the same goal. In contrast to
the probiotic strategy for microflora modification by providing living
microorganisms, the prebiotic strategy seeks to stimulate the growth and/or
enhance the metabolic activity of the healthful bacteria already colonizing the
intestines. Prebiotics offer the ability to enhance the healthful strains in a
person’s unique community of bacteria including beneficial strains not
available as probiotics, such as Eubacterium species. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman;">In 1995, Gibson and Roberfroid defined a prebiotic as a
“nondigestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by
selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number
of bacteria in the colon, and thus improves host health.” This definition only
considers microbial changes in the human colonic ecosystem.Later, it was
considered timely to extrapolate this into other areas that may benefit from a
selective targeting of particular microorganisms and to propose a refined
definition of a prebiotic as (Gibson et al.2004): “a selectively fermented
ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or
activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Palatino-Roman;">By definition, a prebiotic classifies
as a specific colonic nutrient. Most potential prebiotics are carbohydrates,
but the definition does not exclude non-carbohydrates to be used as a
prebiotic. Accordingly, the key characteristics that serve as criteria for
classification of a compound as prebiotics are resistance to digestive
processes in the upper part of the gastro intestinal tract and selective
fermentation by one or a limited number of the microorganisms in the intestinal
microbiota, especially the colonic microbiota, thus giving these a
proliferation advantage and consequently modifying the microbiota composition.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In order for a food ingredient to be
classified as a prebiotic , it must :</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1) be neither hydrolyzed nor absorbed in the
upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2) be a selective substrate for one or a
limited number of beneficial bacteria commensal to the colon which are
stimulated to grow and/or are metabolically activated.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3) consequently, be able to alter the
colonie flora in favor of a healthier composition.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4) induce luminal or systemic effects
that are beneficial to the host health.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prebiotics can be classified as a
type of digestion-resistant carbohydrate or dietary fiber. Like all fibers,
prebiotics resist breakdown by human digestive secretions and arrive relatively
unchanged in the lower regions of the intestinal tract where they can be
utilized as an energy source by the resident microflora. What distinguishes
prebiotics from other fibers is that prebiotics by definition selectively
stimulate the growth of only beneficial microfloral organisms such as
lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. A number of important dietary fibers like
cellulose and pectin fail to meet this definition. Prebiotic properties have
been ascribed to many types of carbohydrates, but they have been best
documented for digestion-resistant oligosaccharides (DGOs).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DGOs include</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- inulin-type fructans</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- galactooligosaccharides</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-lactulose</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-isomaltooligosaccharides</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-xylooligosaccharides</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-soy-oligosaccharides</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-gentiooligosaccharide</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-nigeroligosaccharides (Stephen
Olmstead, MD, David Wolfson) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Most prebiotics and prebiotic
candidates identified today are nondigestible oligosaccharides. They are
obtained either by extraction from plants (e.g.,chicory inulin), possibly
followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis (e.g., oligofructose from inulin) or by
synthesis (by trans-glycosylation reactions) from mono- or disaccharides such
as sucrose (fructooligosaccharides) or lactose (trans-galactosylated
oligosaccharides or galactooligosaccharides) .</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">IV.COMMONLY
USED PREBIOTICS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Inulin-type Fructans: </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The prebiotic effects of inulin-type
fructans are well-established. Inulin-type fructans are linear DGOs composed of
fructose moieties linked by β(2</span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1) bonds. Inulin is arbitrarily
defined as a mixture of oligosaccharides with chain lengths of 2-60 fructose
molecules, with or without an initial glucose. Inulin-type fructans are storage
carbohydrates commonly found in wheat, onions,asparagus, bananas, garlic,
artichokes, and leeks. Inulin-type fructans have their greatest effect on
intestinal <i>Bifidobacterium</i> populations</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Galactooligosaccharides:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Galactooligosaccharides are
digestion-resistant oligosaccharides naturally found in both human and cow’s milk.
They can also be derived from specific microbial fermentation of lactose or
synthesized using the enzyme β-galactosidase and lactose syrup. Galactooligosaccharides
selectively augment <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> numbers
within the human intestinal microbiota. Prebiotic applications of
galactooligosaccharides are of great interest because of their natural
occurrence in human milk. Administration of galactooligosaccharides to
formula-fed infants has been shown to engender an intestinal flora similar to
that of breast-fed infants</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lactulose:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lactulose is synthetic
galacto-fructose made by the isomerization of lactose. Although technically a
disaccharide, lactulose is generally grouped together with the DGOs. Lactulose
is not usually present in nature although very small amounts may be found in
heat-treated milk products as a result of non-catalyzed isomerization.. The β(1</span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4) bond in lactulose cannot be split
by human intestinal enzymes and is preferentially metabolized by colonic lactic
acid bacteria with lactate and short-chain fatty acids as major end products
with with significant increases in <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus </i>numbers
and reductions in <i>Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae</i>,
and <i>Streptococcus </i>populations</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7iU28jeScW0/Tt7y-R5gGdI/AAAAAAAAALk/-wW3pSgRAXY/s1600/prebiotics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7iU28jeScW0/Tt7y-R5gGdI/AAAAAAAAALk/-wW3pSgRAXY/s400/prebiotics.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig: Different prebiotics</td></tr>
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</div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-70748472701787151832011-04-22T15:08:00.000-07:002011-04-22T15:08:24.857-07:00FAITH: three trees<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HWo-ADRZiQ8/TbH71HGOWOI/AAAAAAAAAEI/TtfWGCC_K2Q/s1600/3+trees.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" i8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HWo-ADRZiQ8/TbH71HGOWOI/AAAAAAAAAEI/TtfWGCC_K2Q/s1600/3+trees.jpg" /></a></div>Once there were three trees on a hill in the woods. They were discussing their hopes and dreams when the first tree said, "Someday I hope to be a treasure chest. I could be filled with gold, silver and precious gems. I could be decorated with Intricate carving and everyone would see the beauty."<br />
Then the second tree said, "Someday I will be a mighty ship. I will take kings and queens across the waters and sail to the corners of the world. Everyone will feel safe in me because of the strength of my hull."<br />
Finally the third tree said, "I want to grow to be the tallest and straightest tree in the forest. People will see me on top of the hill and look up to my branches, and think of the heavens and God and how close to them I am reaching. I will be the greatest tree of all time and people will always remember me."<br />
<br />
After a few years of praying that their dreams would come true, a group of woodsmen came upon the trees. When one came to the first tree he said, "This looks like a strong tree, I think I should be able to sell the wood to a carpenter"... and he began cutting it down. The tree was happy, because he knew that the carpenter would make him into a treasure chest.<br />
<br />
At the second tree a woodsman said, "This looks like a strong tree, I should be able to sell it to the shipyard." The second tree was happy because he knew he was on his way to becoming a mighty ship.<br />
When the woodsmen came upon the third tree, the tree was frightened because he knew that if they cut him down his dreams would not come true.<br />
<br />
One of the Woodsmen said, "I don't need anything special from my tree so I'll<br />
take this one," and he cut it down.<br />
When the first tree arrived at the carpenters, he was made into a feed box for animals. He was then placed in a barn and filled with hay. This was not at all what he had prayed for.<br />
The second tree was cut and made into a small fishing boat. His dreams of being a mighty ship and carrying kings had come to an end.<br />
The third tree was cut into large pieces and left alone in the dark.<br />
<br />
The years went by, and the trees forgot about their dreams. Then one day, a man and woman came to the barn. She gave birth and they placed the baby in the hay in the feed box that was made from the first tree. The man wished that he could have made a crib for the baby, but this manger would have to do. The tree could feel the importance of this event and knew that it had held the greatest treasure of all time.<br />
<br />
Years later, a group of men got in the fishing boat made from the second tree. One of them was tired and went to sleep. While they were out on the water, a great storm arose and the tree didn't think it was strong enough to keep the men safe. The men woke the sleeping man, and he stood and said "Peace" and the storm stopped. At this time, the tree knew that it had carried the King of Kings in its boat.<br />
<br />
Finally, someone came and got the third tree. It was carried through the streets as the people mocked the man who was carrying it. When they came to a stop, the man was nailed to the tree and raised in the air to die at the top of a hill. When Sunday came, the tree came to realize that it was strong enough to stand at the top of the hill and be as close to God as was possible, because Jesus had been crucified on it.<br />
<br />
<em><span style="color: #990000;">The moral of this story is that when things don't seem to be going your way, always know that God has a plan for you. If you place your trust in Him, He will give you great gifts.</span></em><br />
<em><span style="color: #990000;">Each of the trees got what they wanted, just not in the way they had imagined. We don't always know what God's plans are for us. We just know that His ways are not our ways, but His ways are always best.</span></em><br />
<em><span style="color: #990000;">Keep this moving... share it with others, so it could inspire more people on His way.<br />
Sometimes the heart sees what the eyes can't......................................</span></em><br />
<!-- google_ad_section_end --></div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-33723680656706876332010-08-12T04:19:00.000-07:002010-08-12T04:44:14.088-07:00MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY BY DOCTER.failuram.... :)<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"> </span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><strong>Mr.Failuram appeared in the medical entrance exam, no wonder why he was out of list..lolz.. checkout his meaning on basic terminology......</strong></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Antibody </strong>- against everyone</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Artery </strong>- the study of arts </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Bacteria</strong> - back door to cafeteria</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Cardiology</strong> - advance study of poker play</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>CT scan</strong> - applying antivirus to a city</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Chronic</strong>- neck of crow</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Coma </strong>- a punctuation</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Cortisone</strong> - kourti's son</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Cyst </strong> - short for sister</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Diagnosis</strong> - person with slanted (oops diagonal) nose</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Dislocation</strong> - in this (dis) location</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Enema</strong> - not a fren</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Fake labour</strong> - pretending to be worker</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Genes</strong>- blue denim or Levis</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Hernia-</strong> she is close by</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Impotent</strong>- i am potent</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Labour pain</strong> - pain to the worker</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Lactose</strong>- person lacking toes</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Lymph</strong>- walk unsteadily</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Microbes</strong>- small dressing gown</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Obesity</strong>- city of Obe</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Pacemaker </strong>- winner of Nobel peace prize</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Proteins</strong>- in favor of teens</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Pulse</strong> - a kind cereals</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Pus</strong>- small cat</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Secretion</strong> - hiding anything</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Table</strong>t- small table </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Ultrasound </strong>- radical noise</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Urine</strong> - opposite of you are out</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ea9999; color: purple; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Varicose vein</strong> - very close van</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">God bless him! :))</span></div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-61784776000391605242010-07-20T19:36:00.000-07:002012-05-26T15:28:23.077-07:00Large Cardamom: Nepal's Brief Scenario<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-size: large;">INTRODUCTION:</span></b><span style="color: purple;">Large cardamom ,also known as Black cardamom or Brown Cardamom is is the dried fruit of of <i>Amomum sabulatum</i> , a perennial herbaceous plant of family Zingiberaceae and its quality characteristics are different from that of small cardamom(<i>Sukmel</i> in Nepali). Large Cardamom is abundantly grown in Nepal,thus it is also known as Nepal cardamom (<i>Elaichi</i> in Nepali).</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">HISTORY OF CARDAMOM IN NEPAL</span>:</b></div>
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<br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span style="color: blue;">The State of Sikkim in India located between Nepal and Bhutan is its</span></div>
<span style="color: blue;">original home. Large cardamom was introduced into Ilam (Nepal) in 1865, nearly 142 years ago by the Nepalese labourers who went to Sikkim for seasonal work. However, commercial cultivation started in Ilam much later in 1953. The establishment of Cardamom Development Centre at Fikkal in this district in 1975 paved the way for the development of this crop.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">There are a number of varieties of large cardamom cultivated in Nepal and they are Ramsey, Golsey, Chibesey, Dambersey, Sawney and Kantidaar. Among these, Ramsey, Golsey and Chibesey are wide spread in cultivation.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b>PRODUCTION:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;">Propagation of large cardamom is done through seeds and suckers. For nursery raising, seeds from fully ripe capsules are collected from high yielding and well maintained plantations free from viral diseases. After de-husking, seeds are washed thoroughly in water to remove the mucilage completely. Then water is completely drained and seeds are mixed with wood ash, dried in shade and sown in primary nursery. When attain 3 to 4 leaf stage they are transferred to the secondary nursery. After growing for about 10 to 12 months, they are ready for planting in the main field. The land selected for planting is cleared of all weeds and undergrowth. For replanting, old large cardamom plants are removed and destroyed. Pits of size 45cm X 45 cm X 30 cm are formed against the contour at a spacing of 1.5 m X 1.5 m on either side. Weeds and undergrowth collected are heaped in the inter rows to improve soil fertility and also to prevent soil erosion. Each pit is filled with top soil and 2 kg compost or cow dung. Planting is done in the centre of the pit with the onset of rain in the month of June. The base of the plant is covered with fallen forest tree leaves to act as mulch.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;"><b>HARVESTING:</b></span> <br />
<span style="color: #38761d;">The right time for harvesting is when the top most capsules are fully mature and seeds turn black. At this stage spikes are harvested by cutting with the help of a special knife. Harvested spikes are kept heaped overnight to allow other capsules to ripe and they are separated on the next day. The yield starts from 3rd years onward after planting. Fruit is ripped during August to November.</span> <br />
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;"><b>PROCESSING METHOD:</b></span> <br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/TEZWPT3CbNI/AAAAAAAAADA/jD0TcdQv0NM/s1600/traditional+bhatty.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" hw="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/TEZWPT3CbNI/AAAAAAAAADA/jD0TcdQv0NM/s320/traditional+bhatty.JPG" /></a><span style="color: #351c75;">Capsules will have about 80% moisture at the time of harvest. Traditional Bhatti which is either square or rectangular in structure (roughly 225 cm x 245 cm) with about 170 cm height is used for drying capsules. It has a thatched roof to protect from rain. There is a fire place at the bottom. A bamboo mat (sometmes wire mesh) is fixed above the fireplace supported by horizontal bamboo or wooden pieces. The height of the bamboo mat should be sufficient enough not to get lighted when firewood is burnt. Freshly harvested capsules are spread on the bamboo mat and hot air along with smoke is passed through capsules when firewood is burnt. On drying the produce acquires a smoky smell and brown to dark brown colour. Frequently a part of the volatile oil is lost and a few capsules are sometimes charred. The produce becomes inferior in quality. Almost all farmers in Nepal use the traditional Bhatti method for drying capsules. Many farmers have this drying system in their farmstead but some set it up temporarily in the field.</span> <br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Improved Bhatti curing is spreading slowly replacing the traditional Bhatti. In this method a structure with two levels is made and covered with a thatched roof. The upper level may not have walls. A long drum is made by welding two crude oil drums together. It is kept in the bottom chamber with one end opening outside the chamber to burn firewood. The other end is fitted to a metal pipe which carries hot air and smoke from the burning firewood. The metal pipe passes near the four walls inside the lower chamber making the air surrounding it hot. The hot air rises up and passes through capsules spread on the bamboo mat making them dry. The advantages of this method are that the original pink colour of capsules are retained, smoke does not come in contact with capsules and oil loss is reduced as direct heating is avoided. Though some farmers get a slightly better price for this smoke free large cardamom, many are disappointed as the market has not caught up with this better quality product. Improved Bhatti is being established by farmers of Taplejung district with the financial assistance of donor agencies. In Ilam and Sankuwasabha districts a prototype of this system has been set up for demonstration.</span><br />
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;"><b>OBSTACLES AND SHORTCOMINGS:</b></span><br />
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<br />
<span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;">Obstacles:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">1. Incidence of multiple taxes</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">2. Lack of Plant Quarantine Office on Indian side</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">3. Difficulties to obtain food safety analytical report</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">4. Too many small traders for export</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">5. Siliguri buyers fluctuate prices to suit their convenience</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">6. Commercial banks in Nepal take high margins on LC transaction</span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;">Shortcomings:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: magenta;">1. Poor R & D and extension work</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">2. Traditional Bhatti curing</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">3. Non-availability of packing credit</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">4. No value addition</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">5. Lack of brand promotion</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">6. Over dependence on single export market</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">7. Inadequate export promotion efforts</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">8. Weak market information and market intelligence</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">9. Inexperience in proper export documentation</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">10. Poor warehousing facility</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">11. Insufficiently equipped analytical laboratory</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta;">12. Lack of organization of exporters</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><b>IMPORTANCE OF CARDAMOM IN NEPAL ECONOMICS</b></span> <br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">1. Major cash crop contributing directly in poverty alleviation</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Second largest foreign currency earner contributing over NRs. 200 million</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">3. equivalent to US $ 2.8 million in the year 2004/2005</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">4. Cultivated in 34 of 75 districts occupying a total area of 13,000 hectares</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">5. Involvement of more than 25,000 small farmers in cultivation with with an average landholding of 1.3 hectare and an average per capita income of USD 215 per annum</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">6. Crop generates nearly NRs. 30,000 thousands cash income (2005 data)</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">7. Among the small holders nearly 60% are ethnic minorities</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">8. Production is labor intensive and therefore provides seasonal employment to landless, women and unemployed people</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">9. Wage for cardamom is RS 100 per day compared to Rs 50 for traditional crops</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">10. Grown in marginal lands and does not compete for other crops for land use</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">11. Being shade loving cardamom planted under trees and contributing to reforestation</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">12. Low levels of input requirements</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">13. Low investment and relatively high return</span></div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-75373720404675630172010-03-29T06:01:00.000-07:002010-03-29T06:01:23.568-07:00MICRO-ENCAPSULATION IN FOOD<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/S7CjxJOnYNI/AAAAAAAAACo/TClqc_jPXtE/s1600/MICROENCAPSULATION+IMAGE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="317" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/S7CjxJOnYNI/AAAAAAAAACo/TClqc_jPXtE/s400/MICROENCAPSULATION+IMAGE.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;"><u></u></span></span></span></i></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><u><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;">Micro-encapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets/gases are surrounded by a coating of thin polymers to give small capsules many useful properties. In a relatively simplistic form, a microcapsule is a small sphere with a uniform wall around it. The material inside the microcapsule is referred to as the core, internal phase, or fill, whereas the wall is sometimes called a shell, coating, or membrane. Most microcapsules have diameters between a few micrometers and a few millimeters. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;">Micro-capsulation contents are protected from environmental conditions such as light, air and moisture. Micro-encapsulation can suppress the volatility, flavor, odor and reactivity of food ingredients. Although every class of food ingredient has been encapsulated, flavors are the most common. The technique of micro-encapsulation depend on the physical and chemical properties of the material to be encapsulated<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;">Human health, nutritional status and well-being can be enhanced through consumption of foods containing specifically desired nutrients and bioactive agents. Disease preventing and health promoting properties of different nutrients and bio-agents have been demonstrated. Among these agents are specific poly-unsaturated lipids, antioxidants, <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;">phytochemicals, vitamins, peptides, etc. Enriching foods with such agents can significantly enhance the nutritional and health-promoting properties of foods and beverages. In other situations, quality of food products is dependent on the incorporation and delivery of flavor, aroma, color, and other sensitive ingredients. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;">However, the extreme sensitivity of many of these desired compounds leads to their deterioration, at conditions prevailing during food processing and storage, and thus significantly compromises our capability to incorporate them into foods. Preparing high quality nutritious food is therefore critically dependent of availability of effective delivery systems. Such systems should preserve the specific nutritional, biological, chemical and functional properties of the sensitive constituent, pending consumption, and should effectively release the delivered compounds, in a desired mode, following ingestion. Current nutrients and ingredients delivery technologies fall short of allowing meeting these goals successfully and a need to develop new, highly functional delivery systems exists. The most promising technology that can allow overcoming the stated difficulties is micro-encapsulation. Micro-encapsulation involves the entrapment and tailored controlled delivery of biologically active and/or sensitive components. Although the concept has been used successfully, for several decades, in drug delivery applications, its utilization in food applications is in its infancy and is compromised by the very limited array of functional GRAS encapsulating agents and technologies. A critical need to investigate and develop new and advanced technologies and devices for nutrients delivery through foods thus exists. </span></span></span></i><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;"><br />
</span></span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><i></i></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;">MANJU CHHETRI</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;">B.Tech(Food,3</span></span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;">rd </span></span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;">year)</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;">5</span></span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;">TH</span></span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"> ISSUE OF PAARTH</span></span></span></div></i></span></u></span>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-23445938172080863202009-12-14T19:42:00.000-08:002009-12-14T20:11:18.089-08:00BEAUTIFUL HEART<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/SycL_iPeD-I/AAAAAAAAACQ/q9Aj32ZFDV8/s1600-h/HEART.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/SycL_iPeD-I/AAAAAAAAACQ/q9Aj32ZFDV8/s320/HEART.gif" /></a><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><b><br />
</b></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><b><br />
</b></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">One day a young man was standing in the middle</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">of the town proclaiming that he had the most</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">beautiful heart in the whole valley. A large</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">crowd gathered and they all admired his heart</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">for it was perfect.</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">There was not a mark or a flaw in it.</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">Yes, they all agreed it truly was the most</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">beautiful heart they had ever seen.The young man was very proud and boasted</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">more loudly about his beautiful heart.</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">Suddenly, an old man appeared at the front of</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">the crowd and said, "Why your heart is not</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">nearly as beautiful as mine."</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">The crowd and the young man looked at the</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">old man's heart. It was beating strongly</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">but full of scars, it had places where pieces</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">had been removed and other pieces put in, but</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">they didn't fit quite right and there were</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">several jagged edges. In fact, in some placesthere were deep gouges where whole pieces</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">were missing.</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">The people stared -- how can he say his heart</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">is more beautiful, they thought?</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">The young man looked at the old man's heart</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">and saw its state and laughed.</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">"You must be joking," he said.</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">"Compare your heart with mine, mine is perfect</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">and yours is a mess of scars and tears."</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">"Yes," said the old man, "Yours is perfect</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">looking but I would never trade with you.</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">You see, every scar represents a person to</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">whom I have given my love - I tear out a piece</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">of my heart and give it to them, and often</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">they give me a piece of their heart which fits</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">into the empty place in my heart, but because</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">the pieces aren't exact, I have some rough edges,</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">which I cherish, because they remind me of the</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">love we shared. "Sometimes I have given pieces of my heart</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">away, and the other person hasn't returned</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">a piece of his heart to me. These are the </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">empty gouges -- giving love is taking a chance.</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">Although these gouges are painful, they stay open,</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">reminding me of the love I have for these people too,</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">and I hope someday they may return and fill the</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">space I have waiting. So now do you see what true beauty is?"</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
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</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">The young man stood silently with tears running</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">down his cheeks. He walked up to the old man</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> reached into his perfect young and beautiful heart,</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">and ripped a piece out. He offered it to the old</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">man with trembling hands. The old man took his offering, placed it in his heart</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">and then took a piece from his old scarred heart and</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">placed it in the wound in the young man's heart.</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">It fit, but not perfectly, as there were some jagged edges.</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">The young man looked at his heart, not perfect</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">anymore but more beautiful than ever,</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">since love from the old man's heart flowed into his.</span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">They embraced and walked away side by side.</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
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</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 17.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-image: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;">~ The End~</span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
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</div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-53183480401746832712009-10-25T11:10:00.000-07:002009-10-25T11:10:57.079-07:00FAV SONG.....<div class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">There's a song that's inside of my soul.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It's the one that I've tried to write over and over again</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I'm awake in the infinite cold.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">But you sing to me over and over and over again.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">So, I lay my head back down.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">And I lift my hands and pray</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">To be only yours, I pray, to be only yours</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I know now you're my only hope.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sing to me the song of the stars.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Of your galaxy dancing and laughing and laughing again.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">When it feels like my dreams are so far</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sing to me of the plans that you have for me over again.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">So I lay my head back down.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">And I lift my hands and pray</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">To be only yours, I pray, to be only yours</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I know now, you're my only hope.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I give you my destiny.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I'm giving you all of me.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I want your symphony, singing in all that I am</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At the top of my lungs, I'm giving it back.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">So I lay my head back down.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">And I lift my hands and pray</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">To be only yours, I pray, to be only yours</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I pray, to be only yours</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I know now you're my only hope.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><br />
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</span></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">hmmmmm, hmmmmm, oooooh</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b><span class="apple-style-span"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: sienna; font-family: "French Script MT"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'French Script MT';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 27px;"><b>(ONLY HOPE... featuring Mandy Moore..in A Walk To Remember)</b></span></span><br />
</div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-84194271216875893672009-09-04T03:41:00.000-07:002009-09-04T03:41:27.085-07:00ADULTERATED FOOD ITEMS POSE HEALTH RISK….. BE AWARE!!!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/SqDuecMgytI/AAAAAAAAABg/es77EcI4rgQ/s1600-h/Dairy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/SqDuecMgytI/AAAAAAAAABg/es77EcI4rgQ/s320/Dairy.jpg" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Rampant adulteration in food items continue to pose a serious threat to the consumers’ nutritional needs.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">The crisis has deepened in the absence of adequate consumer awareness programmes and even legal safeguards.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"> The department of food technology and quality control (DFTQC) – the only state mechanism that is entrusted with the responsibility to check the menace- maintained that of the items checked by the department in the past year or so, an alarming 25 % were found to be adulterated.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Checks were conducted in markets, supermarkets and manufacturing units in the </span></span><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Kathmandu</span></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"> valley.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">“Of the 1,000 samples tested, 200 were found to be adulterated,” said Pramod Koirala, senior food researcher, DFTQC.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">The department’s annual progress report revealed that edible oil, processed milk and milk products topped the list, accounting for 88% and 78% of adulteration respectively.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Similarly, 50% of bottled water and soft drinks that are available in the market are of sub-standard quality. While tests conducted on samples such as ghee, mustard oil, soy-oil, sunflower oil, vegetable ghee, pickle, tomato ketchup, ice cream, orange squash, lemon squash, chilly sauce, bread biscuits, honey, instant noodles also threw up a disturbing trend. All these commodities failed to pass the quality test.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">“Coliform bacteria were found in milk products and bottled water. While the oils and pickles contained high level of peroxide and preservatives like benzoic acids. No wonder many people are suffering from renal failure, heart condition and cancer. Children are particularly vulnerable since they consume ice-cream in large quantities,” said Dr Kumar Thapa, an epidemiologist. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Koirala pleaded helpless-ness at the state of affairs claiming his department was not empowered to bring the culprits to book.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Ram Chandra Simkhada, consumer lawyer and secretary of Consumer’s Right Protection Forum, advocated mass campaign of anti-adulteration and formulation of stricter laws to curb growing menace.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i>source: S.C Acharya, Kathmandu post, june 12, 09</i></div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-12438302669500803032009-08-29T23:24:00.000-07:002009-08-29T23:32:07.065-07:00TEREE SANG... a review !<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/SpocqNMNiSI/AAAAAAAAABY/CUDzts6ZBQU/s1600-h/teree-sang-wallpaper.jpg"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 279px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/SpocqNMNiSI/AAAAAAAAABY/CUDzts6ZBQU/s400/teree-sang-wallpaper.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5375640616641071394" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A well known comedy personnel of Bollywood, Satish Kaushik brought a fresh package of kidult love story called “Teree Sang” to this past weeks .<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The movie is really a nicest move to modernization featuring two new faces to indi-film world.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Being fresher Sheena Shahabadi (playing Mahi’s character in movie) and Rushlan Mumtaz (in Kabir ) have shown a greater potentiality to the acting. They were fabulous despite Tere Sang being their first movie. The story is based on teenage love story but the major issue that movie deals about is the “Teenage pregnancy” which is rampant and increasing exponentially not only in western countries but also globally. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The movie has every part of commercialism from drama to sweet romance, comedy to issues over serious matter. Moreover, the ending and the moral that this movie provide is AWESOME which make the movie a complete family bonanza. The innocent and charming Sheena along with cute rebellious and clueless Rushlan the story have attempt to present something fresh to bolly-freakers . rajat kapoor and neena gupta fill the intense acting wheres Mr.Kaushik along with<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Sushmita mukharjee following nice timing of comedy gives the extra charming to it. Well the movie is complete PAISA WASOOL . </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>About music, it is FANTABULOUS and is already popular among the youngsters. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Sachin and jigar have really done all the justice to this young movie with their beautiful creation. Each song is great and they hold a strong point to like the movie. </p> <p class="MsoNormal">If you are still figuring out, Just go guyz and enjoy the fresh movie…</p>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-83525361217773637562009-08-01T12:49:00.000-07:002009-08-01T13:10:19.630-07:00It must be for inspiration .....<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/SnSdZkiwbfI/AAAAAAAAABI/P3p2CcbZjco/s1600-h/285898-1414-8.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 225px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/SnSdZkiwbfI/AAAAAAAAABI/P3p2CcbZjco/s320/285898-1414-8.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5365086118736850418" /></a><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">It must be for inspiration that you created the heavens, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">the earth, the sky, the sea</span></span></span></div><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> I look at the stars and I am contented that there is peace, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> a calmness right into my soul</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> It must be for inspiration that you created man, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> his heart, his soul, his spirit</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> I look at how he goes about his life and there is wonder, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> how you have made us so wise</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> It must be for inspiration that you have brought people together, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">they court, they join their lives, they grow old </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">I look at how they have fulfilled their dreams in the eyes of their kids, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">it brings a special longing in my heart to have my dreams fulfilled too</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> It must be for inspiration that I met you at this time,</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> I was busy, was lonely, was caught up</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> I look at how God has allowed circumstances to turn, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">after sometime there was spark that cannot be denied </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">It must be for inspiration that i have met you and you are such </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">a pleasant gift at the right time </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> I look at my busy days and you give me delight each day, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">I am inspired, I'm happy, I am blessed </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;color:#008000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Looking at you, I don't know yet the purpose, </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> for now I'm thinking it must be for inspiration.</span></span></span></div></div>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824466081630859303.post-25871782520437175752009-05-21T07:19:00.000-07:002009-05-21T07:30:04.590-07:00REASON TO SMILE.....<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/ShVkseO1WyI/AAAAAAAAAAM/NrNOf05mOnM/s1600-h/Picture0027.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 272px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AM2xG3Gf4KY/ShVkseO1WyI/AAAAAAAAAAM/NrNOf05mOnM/s320/Picture0027.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338283648509893410" /></a><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"><div class="section" id="interests" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><div class="content window_content" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; clear: both; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; width: auto; background-image: url(http://photos2.hi5.com/0047/388/325/ucMDhn388325-03.jpg); background-repeat: repeat-y; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-position: 50% 0%; "><p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;font-size:15px;"><br /></span></p> <p><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-Times New Roman";font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 255);"> HOw can one smile such sweet smiles, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 255);"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.8pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-Times New Roman";font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 255);">When one is so saddened by sorrows for miles, <br />How can I smile the same smiles, <br />When life brings me nothing but tears, <br /><br />I wondered for so long, <br />What reason you had to smile that long, <br />To keep smiling though troubles come, <br />And still remain sweet and silently overcome, <br /><br />It's such a mystery to me, <br />Your smiles from heaven with glee, <br />I adore and yet envy thee, <br />But I'd rather you smile those at me, <br /><br />I feel happy when I see you smile, <br />Even if I'm sad and lonely, <br />Your smiles bring me somewhere, <br />I don't even know where, <br /><br />But it was you, <br />You gave me the reason to smile, <br />To smile with no reason, <br />To smile for a smile, <br /><br />I guess life is just like that, <br />We need not a reason to smile, <br />For a smile is the reason itself, <br />To rejoice and open-heartedly give thanks, <br /><br />I learned to smile because of you, <br />Because your smiles bring me joy when blue, <br />It proves how well and powerful, <br />A simple sweet smile can become so beautiful, <br /><br />Smile for the sake of a smile, <br />Smile for the sake of happiness, <br />Smile for the sake of life, <br />Smile because of hope left in life, <br /><br />Smile my friends, <br />Smile for me my Love, <br />Smile those same sweet smiles, <br />Smile so the world can be a peaceful dove... </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 255);"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.8pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-Times New Roman";font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 255);"> </span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.8pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-Times New Roman";font-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 255, 255);"> </span></o:p></span></span></p></div></div></span>MANJU CHHETRIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002920494759409363noreply@blogger.com6